According to the United Nations' World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database, crude birth rate is the number of births over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period. It is expressed as number of births per 1,000 population. The birth rate is an item of concern and policy for a number of national governments. Italy and Malaysia want to increase the national birth rate using measures such as financial incentives or provision of support services to new mothers but others aim to reduce the birth rate. Population control is the practice of artificially altering the rate of population growth. Population control has been implemented by limiting the population's birth rate. Population control can be done in many methods such as physical methods, and behavioral methods.
Physical methods may work in a variety of ways, among them: physically preventing sperm from entering the female reproductive tract, hormonally preventing ovulation from occurring, making the woman's reproductive tract cannot receive sperm, or surgically altering the male or female reproductive tract to induce sterility. Barrier methods place a physical impediment to the movement of sperm into the female reproductive tract. The most popular barrier method is the male condom, a latex or polyurethane sheath placed over the penis. The condom is also available in a female version, which is made of polyurethane. Cervical barriers are devices that are contained completely within the vagina. The contraceptive sponge has a depression to hold it in place over the cervix. The cervical cap is the smallest cervical barrier. It stays in place by suction to the cervix or to the vaginal walls depending on the type of cap. Some methods use more than one mechanism. Some combined pills and POPs may be taken in high doses to prevent pregnancy after a birth control failure (such as a condom breaking) or after unprotected sex. Hormonal emergency contraception is also known as the "morning after pill," although it is licensed for use up to three days after intercourse. Intrauterine methods are contraceptive devices which are placed inside the uterus. They are usually shaped like a "T" — the arms of the T hold the device in place. There are two main types of intrauterine contraceptives: those that contain copper (which has a spermicidal effect), and those that release a progestogen (in the US the term progestin is used). Surgical sterilization is available in the form of tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men. Sterilization should be considered permanent. In women, the process may be referred to as "tying the tubes," but the Fallopian tubes may be tied, cut, clamped, or blocked. Physical methods vary in simplicity, convenience and efficiently.
Behavioral methods involve regulating the timing or methods of intercourse to prevent the introduction of sperm into the female reproductive tract, either altogether or when an egg may be present. This methods can be done in several ways: fertility awareness, coitus interruptus, avoiding vaginal intercourse, total abstinence, and lactational. Fertility awareness (FA) refers to a set of practices used to determine the fertile and infertile phases of a woman's menstrual cycle. Coitus interruptus is a technique in which a man withdraws his penis prior to ejaculation during sexual intercourse, with the semen being ejaculated outside of and away from the vagina. The risk of pregnancy from non-vaginal sex, such as with anal sex, oral sex, or non-penetrative sex is virtually zero. The lactational amenorrhea method, or LAM, gives guidelines for determining the length of a woman's period of breastfeeding infertility.
Many ways can be done for control the birth rate that cause the increase of population but for do this methods, sex education is needed to be given in developed country. The education must include reproductive anatomy, human sexual behavior, information on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), social aspects of sexual interaction, negotiating skills intended to help teens follow through with a decision to remain abstinent or to use birth control during sex, and information on birth control methods.
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